AC installation is a multi-step process that involves site preparation, mounting indoor and outdoor units, connecting electrical and refrigerant lines, and rigorous system testing to ensure efficient and safe operation.
Pre-Installation Summary
Before physical work begins, a professional conducts a thorough assessment.
Site evaluation: The technician assesses the space to determine cooling needs (load calculation), the best placement for units to ensure optimal airflow and accessibility, and checks existing duct work and electrical capacity.
Permits: The installer secures all necessary local and state permits to ensure the installation meets building codes.
Preparation: The work area is prepped, including laying down protective coverings to prevent damage to the home.
Old system removal (if applicable): The existing unit's power is turned off, and refrigerant is safely recovered by EPA-certified personnel using specialized equipment, as venting it into the atmosphere is unlawful.
Installation Process Summary
The core installation involves securing the new components and establishing all necessary connections.
Indoor Unit Installation: The indoor unit (evaporator coil/air handler) is securely mounted to the wall or placed above the furnace, ensuring it is level or slightly tilted for proper drainage.
Outdoor Unit Installation: A new, level composite or concrete pad is prepared, and the outdoor unit (condenser) is set in place, ensuring adequate clearance for air circulation.
Line Connections: The copper refrigerant lines, electrical wiring (high and low voltage), and condensate drain lines are run between the indoor and outdoor units through a drilled hole in the wall. Connections for refrigerant lines are typically brazed (welded) and a filter drier installed to absorb moisture.
Post-Installation and Commissioning Summary
The final stage ensures the system is fully operational and safe.
Vacuuming and Leak Testing: The system is evacuated using a vacuum pump to remove all air and moisture, then pressure tested with dry nitrogen to confirm there are no leaks before the refrigerant is released into the system.
System Startup and Testing: The system is powered on and runs for a period (e.g., 15-20 minutes) during which the technician checks and calibrates key operational data such as refrigerant pressure, airflow, temperature drop, and electrical readings.
Cleanup and Handover: The site is cleaned of all debris and packaging materials. The lead technician then walks the homeowner through the system's operation, maintenance requirements, and warranty information.
Professional installation is highly recommended as improper installation can void manufacturer warranties, lead to safety hazards, reduce energy efficiency, and cause premature system failure.