Tool CategorySpecific Tools/SkillsImportanceDatabasesSQL (PostgreSQL, BigQuery)Mandatory. Used to pull and filter data.ProgrammingPython (Pandas, NumPy) or REssential for automation and complex analysis.VisualizationTableau, Power BI, or LookerKey for creating "self-service" dashboards.SpreadsheetsAdvanced Excel (Pivot Tables, Power Query)Still a staple for quick, ad-hoc analysis.StatisticsProbability, Hypothesis TestingCritical for ensuring your conclusions are valid.